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Friday, February 18, 2011
Fewa lake
Lake Phewa was slightly enlarged by damming. It is in danger of silting
up because of the inflow during the monsoon. The outflowing water is
partially used for hydro power. The dam collapsed in the late 1970s
and has been rebuilt. The power plant is located about 100 m below at the bottom of the Phusre Khola gorge. Water is also diverted for irrigation
into the southern Pokhara valley.
The eastern Pokhara Valley receives irrigation water through a canal
running from a reservoir by the Seti in the north of the city. Phewa lake
is also used for commercial fishing. The tourist area is along the north
shore of the lake (Baidam, Lakeside and Damside). It is mainly made up of little shops, little hotels,
restaurants and bars. The larger hotels can be found on the southern and south-eastern fringes of the city,
from where the view of the mountains is best. To the east of the valley, in Lekhnath, are several smaller
lakes, the largest being Begnas Tal and Rupa Tal. Begnas Tal is also known for its fishery projects. There
are no beaches in the valley, but one can rent boats in Phewa and Begnas Tal.pokhara
Pokhara is a beautiful city of Nepal .it lies in western part of Nepal . it is also valley. which is a widening of the Seti Gandaki valley. The Seti River and its tributaries have dug impressive canyons into the valley floor, which are only visible from higher viewpoints or from the air. To the east of Pokhara is the municipality of Lekhnath, a
recently established town in the valley.
In no other place do mountains rise so quickly. In this area, within 30 km, the elevation rises from 1,000 m to over 7,500 m. Due to this sharp rise in altitude the area of Pokhara has one of the highest precipitation rates of the country (over 4,000 mm/year). Even within the city there is a noticeable difference in the amount of rain between the south of the city by the lake and the north at the foot of the mountains.
Pokhara spans 8 km from north to south and 6 km from east to west but, unlike Kathmandu, it is quite loosely built up and still has much green space. The Seti Gandaki flowing through the city from north to south divides the city roughly in two halves with the down-town area of Chipledunga in the middle, the old town centre of Bagar in the north and the tourist district of Lakeside (Baidam) in the south all lying on the western side of the river. The gorge through which the river flows is crossed at five points, the major ones are (from north to south): K.I. Singh Pul, Mahendra Pul and Prithvi Highway Pul. The eastern side of town is mainly residential.
About half of all tourists visiting Pokhara are there for the start or end of a trek to the Annapurna Base Camp and Mustang.
recently established town in the valley.
In no other place do mountains rise so quickly. In this area, within 30 km, the elevation rises from 1,000 m to over 7,500 m. Due to this sharp rise in altitude the area of Pokhara has one of the highest precipitation rates of the country (over 4,000 mm/year). Even within the city there is a noticeable difference in the amount of rain between the south of the city by the lake and the north at the foot of the mountains.
Pokhara spans 8 km from north to south and 6 km from east to west but, unlike Kathmandu, it is quite loosely built up and still has much green space. The Seti Gandaki flowing through the city from north to south divides the city roughly in two halves with the down-town area of Chipledunga in the middle, the old town centre of Bagar in the north and the tourist district of Lakeside (Baidam) in the south all lying on the western side of the river. The gorge through which the river flows is crossed at five points, the major ones are (from north to south): K.I. Singh Pul, Mahendra Pul and Prithvi Highway Pul. The eastern side of town is mainly residential.
About half of all tourists visiting Pokhara are there for the start or end of a trek to the Annapurna Base Camp and Mustang.
Monday, February 7, 2011
Lumbini
Lumbini is especially a Buddhist pilgrimage site located at the Kapilavastu, district Rupandehi,Nepal.
it is pilgrim spot for Buddhist but pligrim for all of religion.Lord Gautama Buddha was born in lumbini
Kapilavastu .Lumbini is one of four Buddhist pilgrimage sites based on major events in the life of Gautama Buddha. Interestingly, all of the events occurred under trees.All of Buddhist arrived here for once .most of Buddhist country
invest in Lumbini to build it. various type of monastery built on there.
it is pilgrim spot for Buddhist but pligrim for all of religion.Lord Gautama Buddha was born in lumbini
invest in Lumbini to build it. various type of monastery built on there.
Thursday, January 27, 2011
Intrroducing nepal
Nepal is landlocked coutry situated between two big country India and China. its total area is 181148 square k.m. it's verious part is big hilly region. it is poor country and it's about 35 peoples are educated only .now it is free religion country since 4 years and various casts habitat in this coutry .Different types of festival celebrate in this country.now nepal is federal republic country.in this country.now nepal is federal republic country.
nepal has seven national sign,they are following.Kathmandu is the nation's capital and the country's only one metropolitan city. it's population is around 30 million .Northen side of nepal there are many high himalayan which are popular in the world. the world highest Himalayan called Moutnt Everest is in lockated in north oc nepal and it is the border of Nepal and china Tibet. Mount Everest, called Sagarmatha is in Nepal.
Most of nepali people are Hindu .they celebrate Hindu religion .they are in majority in Nepal .Buddist,Muslim,and christian also lived in here.
Prehistory
Kathmandu Valley
Neolithic tools found in the Kathmandu Valley indicate that people have been living in the Himalayan region for at least 9,000 years. It appears that Kirat ethnicity people were the first people to settle in Nepal and ruled Nepal for about 2,500 years.
Ancient
Nepal is also mentioned in Hindu scriptures.
From one of these, the Shakya confederation, arose a prince named Siddharta Gautama (563–483 BS), who later renounced his royalty to lead an ascetic life and came to be known as the Lord Buddha. The 7th Kirata king, Jitedasti, was on the throne in the Nepal valley at the time. By 250 BC, the region came under the influence of the Mauryan Empire of northern India, and later became a vassal state under the Gupta Empire in the fourth century AD. In the fifth century, rulers called the Licchavis governed the majority of its area. There is a good and quite detailed description of the kingdom of Nepal in the account of the renowned Chinese Buddhist pilgrim monk Xuanzang, dating from c. 645 AD. The Licchavi dynasty went into decline in the late eighth century and was followed by a Newari era, from 879, although the extent of their control over the entire country is uncertain. By the late 11th century, southern Nepal came under the influence of the Chalukaya Empire of southern India. Under the Chalukayas, Nepal's religious establishment changed as the kings patronised Hinduism instead of the prevailing Buddhism.
Medieval
By the early 12th century, leaders were emerging whose names ended with the Sanskrit suffix malla . Initially their reign was marked by upheaval, but the kings consolidated their power and ruled over the next 200 years; by the late 14th century, much of the country began to come under a unified rule. This unity was short-lived; in 1482 the region was carved into three kingdoms: Kathmandu, Patan, and Bhaktapur.in that time resent nepal was divided in 22and 24 state.
Kingdom of Nepal
Hindu temples in Patan, capital of one of the three medieval Newar kingdoms
After centuries of petty rivalry between the three kingdoms, in the mid-18th century,Late Prithvi Narayan Shah, a ancestor of former king Gyanendra, unify 22 &24 state by glorious victory in his period.by the glorious victory of Prithvi Narayan Shah nepal's boarder extended tista in the eastern part and sataluj in the western part. in the time of Nepal unification Nepal face direct war with Britain called as East India company . He managed to unify the Kathmandu Valley and surrounding territory three years later in 1768. However, an actual battle never took place to conquer the Kathmandu valley; it was taken over by Prithvi Narayan and his troops without any effort, during Indra Jatra, a festival of Newars, when all the valley's citizens were celebrating the festival. This event marked the birth of the modern nation of Nepal.
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Nepalese royalty in the 1920s
After the unification of present Neal 13th generation of late Prithivi Narayan Saha govern present Nepal as head of the state . but 2nd-9th govrening time Nepal's political situation is become very bad .in that time all of the king was under age and began tussle for power between king and queen. in this time Nepal face a great mssaacre called as kote parva.
After kote parva in nepal get 103 years Rana autocracy. at that time the king was established for the post of captive king only there was no power. in rana autocracy there is no fcrility for people like health ,education and also banned for political activities etc.
To end the rana autocracy king Tribhuvan leave the country for exile in India with family. Meanwhile, with the assertion of Chinese control in Tibet in the 1950s, India sought to counterbalance the perceived military threat from its northern neighbour by taking pre-emptive steps to assert more influence in Nepal. India sponsored both King Tribhuvan (ruled 1911–55) as Nepal's new ruler in 1951 and a new government, mostly comprising the Nepali Congress Party, thus terminating Rana hegemony in the kingdom.
then Nepal government is celebrating Falgun 7 as a Democracy day in every year.
After restore the monarchy tussle began between king and political party. king Mahendra bnned all poltical party and dissolved house of representative and y and a "partyless" panchayat system was made to govern Nepal until 1989, when the "Jan Andolan" (People's Movement) forced King Birendra (ruled 1972–2001) to accept constitutional reforms and to establish a multiparty parliament that took seat in May 1991.
In 1996, the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) started a bid to replace the royal parliamentary system with a people's socialist republic by violent means. This led to the long Nepal Civil War and more than 15,000 deaths. On 1 June 2001, there was a massacre in the royal palace. King Birendra, Queen Aiswarya, Crown Prince Dipendra and seven other members of the royal family were killed. Dipendra was accused of patricide and of committing suicide thereafter. This outburst was alleged to have been Dipendra's response to his parents' refusal to accept his choice of wife. Nevertheless there are speculation and doubts among Nepalese citizens about who was responsible.
Following the carnage, Birendra's brother Gyanendra inherited the throne. On 1 February 2005, Gyanendra dismissed the entire government and assumed full executive powers to quash the violent Maoist movement,but this initiative was unsuccessful because a stalemate had developed where the Maoists were firmly entrenched in large expanses of countryside yet could not dislodge the military from numerous towns and the largest cities. In September 2005, the Maoists declared a three-month unilateral ceasefire to negotiate.
In response to the 2006 democracy movement King Gyanendra agreed to relinquish sovereign power to the people. On 24 April 2006 the dissolved House of Representatives was reinstated. Using its newly acquired sovereign authority, on 18 May 2006 the House of Representatives unanimously voted to curtail the power of the king and declared Nepal a secular state, ending its time-honoured official status as a Hindu Kingdom. On 28 December 2007, a bill was passed in parliament to amend Article 159 of the constitution — replacing "Provisions regarding the King" by "Provisions of the Head of the State" – declaring Nepal a federal republic, and thereby abolishing the monarchy. The bill came into force on 28 May 2008, as the constituent assembly overwhelmingly voted to abolish royal rule.
Geography
Nepal is of roughly trapezoidal shape, 800 kilometres (497 mi) long and 200 kilometres (124 mi) wide, with an area of 147,181 km2 (56,827 sq mi). It lies between latitudes 26° and 31°N,and longitudes 80° and 89°E.
Nepal is commonly divided into three physiographic areas: the Mountain, Hillly, and Terai Regions. so nepal 's east west part is long and north south part is short.These ecological belts run east-west and are vertically intersected by Nepal's major, north to south flowing river systems.
The southern lowland plains or Terai bordering India are part of the northern rim of the Indo-Gangetic plains. They were formed and are fed by three major Himalayan rivers: the Kosi, the Narayani, and the Karnali as well as smaller rivers rising below the permanent snowline. This region has a subtropical to tropical climate. The outermost range of foothills called Shiwalik or Churia Range cresting at 700 to 1,000 metres (2,297 to 3,281 ft) marks the limit of the Gangetic Plain, however broad, low valleys called Inner Tarai (Bhitri Tarai Uptyaka) lie north of these foothills in several places.
Barun Valley – There are many such valleys in the Himalaya created by glacier flows.
The Hill Region (Pahad) abuts the mountains and varies from 800 to 4,000 meters from sea surface & altitude with progression from subtropical climates below 1,200 metres to alpine climates above 3,600 metres . The Mahabharat Lekh reaching 1,500 to 3,000 metres is the southern limit of this region, with subtropical river valleys and "hills" alternating to the north of this range. Population density is high in valleys but notably less above 2,000 metres and very low above 2,500 metres where snow occasionally falls in winter.
The Mountain Region (Parbat), situated in the Great Himalayan Range, on the northern part of Nepal. It contains the highest elevations in the world including 8,848 metres (29,029 ft) height Mount Everest (Sagarmatha in Nepali) on the border with China. Seven other of the world's eight thousand metre peaks are in Nepal or on its border with China: Lhotse, Makalu, Cho Oyu, Kanchenjunga, Dhaulagiri, Annapurna and Manaslu.
The arid and barren Himalayan landscape
Nepal has five climatic zones, broadly corresponding to the altitudes. The tropical and subtropical zones lie below 1,200 metres (3,937 ft), the temperate zone 1,200 to 2,400 metres (3,937 to 7,874 ft), the cold zone 2,400 to 3,600 metres (7,874 to 11,811 ft), the subarctic zone 3,600 to 4,400 metres (11,811 to 14,436 ft), and the Arctic zone above 4,400 metres (14,436 ft).
Nepal experiences five seasons: summer, monsoon, autumn, winter and spring. The Himalaya blocks cold winds from Central Asia in the winter and forms the northern limit of the monsoon wind patterns. In a land once thickly forested, deforestation is a major problem in all regions, with resulting erosion and degradation of ecosystems.
Nepal is popular for mountaineering, containing some of the highest and most challenging mountains in the world, including Mount Everest. Technically, the south-east ridge on the Nepali side of the mountain is easier to climb; so, most climbers prefer to trek to Everest through Nepal. Morever Nepal has 8 of the top 10 highest mountains of the world with postcard beauty.
The National Flag of Nepal is strange in this way it is in the rectangular in shape. This distinctive flag consists of two juxtaposed triangular figures with a crimson base and deep blue borders. The upper part has a white emblem of the crescent moon with eight rays, while the lower one bears a twelve-rayed white emblem of the sun. | |
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Crimson (Simrik in Nepali), the national colour is considered very auspicious and has a significant place in Nepal's cultural life. It also has a symbolic connotation for Hindus, signifying good luck and fortune.
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Nepal
Nepal, officieel de Federale Democratische Republiek Nepal (Nepalees: संघीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल), is een land in Azië, gelegen in de Himalaya tussen India en China (Tibet). Het zuidelijke gedeelte van Nepal liNepal heeft een lange geschiedenis die teruggaat tot voor het begin van de christelijke jaartelling. Het is de geboorteplaats van de Boeddha. Door de ligging van het land staat het zowel onder Indiase als onder Tibetaanse invloed. In 1962 kreeg Nepal een nieuwe grondwet. De macht van de koning werd zeer uitgebreid en politieke partijen werden verboden. Daarvoor in de plaats kreeg Nepal het Panchayat-model, een partijloze "democratie", die volgens de koning beter bij de volksaard paste. Alle volwassenen moesten voortaan 15% van de partijloze leden voor de Nationale Panchayat (parlement) kiezen, terwijl de overige 85% van de leden door de koning werden benoemd. In 1972 volgde Birendra Mahendra op als koning.
Na een volksopstand in 1990 schafte koning Birendra het Panchayat-model af en voerde een democratische grondwet in. Sindsdien wordt Nepal geregeerd door de Nepalese Congrespartij. In 1994-1995 stond een communist aan het hoofd van de regering.
[bewerken]Moordpartij
Op 1 juni 2001 werd het koninklijk huis bijna uitgeroeid door kroonprins Dipendra. Hij was boos op zijn ouders omdat die zijn keuze voor een echtgenote niet accepteerden. Daarom schoot hij zijn vader, koning Birendra, en zijn moeder, koningin Aishwarya, neer en vermoordde ook nog een aantal andere koninklijke familieleden, waaronder zijn broer en zuster, twee ooms en twee tantes. Daarna schoot hij zichzelf neer, maar hij overleed niet meteen. Terwijl hij nog in coma lag, werd hij tot nieuwe koning uitgeroepen. Drie dagen na de slachtpartij overleed hij. Zijn oom, de broer van zijn vader, Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, werd nu de nieuwe koning op 4 juni.
[bewerken]Laatste koning
In 2002 trok koning Gyanendra tijdelijk de macht naar zich toe, maar herstelde later dat jaar de democratie. Op 1 februari 2005 nam koning Gyanendra alle macht in handen en stelde de grondwet buiten werking. Hij ontsloeg minister-president Sher Bahadur Deuba van de Nepalese Congrespartij (premier sinds 3 juni 2004) en nam zelf het premierschap op zich. De koning verweet Deuba dat hij niet in staat was de rust in het land te herstellen. Koning Gyanendra regeerde sindsdien als autoritair monarch, maar werd in 2006 gedwongen zijn macht op te geven.
[bewerken]Maoïstische opstand en afschaffing monarchie
Zie Burgeroorlog Nepal voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.
Tussen 1996 en 2006 was Nepal verwikkeld in een burgeroorlog, waarin meer dan 12.000 mensen om het leven zijn gekomen. Met hun 10.000 tot 15.000 strijders bezetten de maoïstische opstandelingen meer dan 60% van Nepal. Hun grootste doel was om de koning Gyanendra af te zetten en een communistische natie te beginnen zoals China na de revolutie. Ondanks het feit dat Gyanendra veel buitenlandse steun genoot bleven de rebellen terrein winnen. Op 21 november 2006 werd tussen de democratische regering en de maoïstische rebellen een vredesovereenkomst gesloten.
Op 28 december 2007 stemde een overgrote meerderheid in het Nepalese parlement voor afschaffing van de monarchie. De Nepalese Grondwetgevende Vergadering besloot op 28 mei 2008 deze wet officieel in werking te stellen, waarmee het Koninkrijk Nepal overging in de Democratische Federale Republiek Nepal.gt op het Indische subcontinent.
Na een volksopstand in 1990 schafte koning Birendra het Panchayat-model af en voerde een democratische grondwet in. Sindsdien wordt Nepal geregeerd door de Nepalese Congrespartij. In 1994-1995 stond een communist aan het hoofd van de regering.
[bewerken]Moordpartij
Op 1 juni 2001 werd het koninklijk huis bijna uitgeroeid door kroonprins Dipendra. Hij was boos op zijn ouders omdat die zijn keuze voor een echtgenote niet accepteerden. Daarom schoot hij zijn vader, koning Birendra, en zijn moeder, koningin Aishwarya, neer en vermoordde ook nog een aantal andere koninklijke familieleden, waaronder zijn broer en zuster, twee ooms en twee tantes. Daarna schoot hij zichzelf neer, maar hij overleed niet meteen. Terwijl hij nog in coma lag, werd hij tot nieuwe koning uitgeroepen. Drie dagen na de slachtpartij overleed hij. Zijn oom, de broer van zijn vader, Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, werd nu de nieuwe koning op 4 juni.
[bewerken]Laatste koning
In 2002 trok koning Gyanendra tijdelijk de macht naar zich toe, maar herstelde later dat jaar de democratie. Op 1 februari 2005 nam koning Gyanendra alle macht in handen en stelde de grondwet buiten werking. Hij ontsloeg minister-president Sher Bahadur Deuba van de Nepalese Congrespartij (premier sinds 3 juni 2004) en nam zelf het premierschap op zich. De koning verweet Deuba dat hij niet in staat was de rust in het land te herstellen. Koning Gyanendra regeerde sindsdien als autoritair monarch, maar werd in 2006 gedwongen zijn macht op te geven.
[bewerken]Maoïstische opstand en afschaffing monarchie
Zie Burgeroorlog Nepal voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.
Tussen 1996 en 2006 was Nepal verwikkeld in een burgeroorlog, waarin meer dan 12.000 mensen om het leven zijn gekomen. Met hun 10.000 tot 15.000 strijders bezetten de maoïstische opstandelingen meer dan 60% van Nepal. Hun grootste doel was om de koning Gyanendra af te zetten en een communistische natie te beginnen zoals China na de revolutie. Ondanks het feit dat Gyanendra veel buitenlandse steun genoot bleven de rebellen terrein winnen. Op 21 november 2006 werd tussen de democratische regering en de maoïstische rebellen een vredesovereenkomst gesloten.
Op 28 december 2007 stemde een overgrote meerderheid in het Nepalese parlement voor afschaffing van de monarchie. De Nepalese Grondwetgevende Vergadering besloot op 28 mei 2008 deze wet officieel in werking te stellen, waarmee het Koninkrijk Nepal overging in de Democratische Federale Republiek Nepal.gt op het Indische subcontinent.
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